Нарушение конкурентного права

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Подраздел «Рекламирование продукции»  

Этой статьей мы продолжаем рассмотрение законоположений о недобросовестной рекламе, начатых в №№39 и 40

Немецкое конкурентное право носит отпечаток руководящей мысли о том, что на переднем плане в рекламе стоят качество и цена товаров и услуг. Это служит защитой для лиц, рекламирующих свою продукцию или услуги, а также для их потребителей и других участников рынка, от нечестного поведения. Причем жалоба на нарушение конкурентного права может возникнуть даже тогда, когда рекламирующее лицо не имеет за собой никакой вины. Но он может быть ответственным за действия своих сотрудников, агентов по рекламе и редакций по подаче объявлений. Решающим является не представление рекламирующих лиц через содержание и воздействие рекламы, а впечатление, которое производится на разумного, внимательного и среднеинформированного потребителя. Конкурентные нарушения других лиц не оправдывают собственные. Поэтому надо быть осторожным при подражании чужой рекламе.

С о в е т: Рассматривайте рекламное мероприятие перед его выходом с точки зрения привлекаемых клиентов и конкурентов или предоставьте судить об этом непредвзятому третьему лицу. Если вы сомневаетесь, перепроверьте рекламу еще раз внимательнее. В сомнительных случаях промышленные и торговые палаты и объединения дают конкретный совет и информацию. Более подробную информацию по отдельным темам рекламирования продукции и предпринимательской деятельности содержит, кроме того, серия памяток федеральной торгово-промышленной палаты.

 

 

Что делать при получении замечания о нарушении конкурентного права?

 

Тот, кто получил требование изменить свое поведение, неправильное согласно конкурентному праву, обязан прежде всего получить совет у торговой и промышленной палаты, ремесленной палаты, своего профобъединения или адвоката. Требуемое объяснение упущенного необязательно не должно быть дано некритическим образом, так же неправильным было бы оставить это требование и законодательный срок его без внимания. Многократно проверить, соответствует ли правде вышесказанное положение вещей; имеет ли место нарушение конкуренции, имел ли вообще право отправитель на это требование.

Если, во-первых, несомненно, что эти предположения действительны, требуемое объяснение нарушения обязано быть представленным, причем должно быть обращено внимание на корректность формулировки взятых на себя обязательств и высоты неустойки, которые должны стоять в соответствующей пропорции к нарушению. Объяснение нарушения приносит то преимущество, что судебные разбирательства и возникшие вследствие этого издержки могут быть предотвращены. С другой стороны, при повторном нарушении, претензии по упущению могут опираться перед судом на однажды сделанное объяснение, независимо от того, является ли указанное объяснение по упущению за рекламное действие недопустимым перед законом или было ли оно вообще допустимым перед сдачей объяснения.

 

 Что делать при серьезном нарушении конкурентного права?

 

Обычно нарушение конкурентного права не представляет собой правонарушение уголовного характера и поэтому не преследуется государственными учреждениями. Но Закон против недобросовестной конкуренции (Gesetz gegen den unlauteren Wettbewerb-UWG) предоставляет определенным персонам и организациям экономики право требовать от нарушителей этого закона (в рамках Гражданского права) прекращения их действий. Право на претензию имеют:

 – те, кто непосредственно пострадал от действий конкурентов;

 – предприниматель, чьи такие же или родственные товары и услуги предлагаются на том же рынке;

 – объединения по защите прав потребителей (Verbraucherschutzverbände) и по защите конкурентного права (Wettbewerbsschutzverbände);

 – промышленные и торговые палаты, так же как и ремесленные палаты.

Тот, кто желает что-то предпринять против нарушения конкурентами конкурентного права, может информировать свою палату, свой союз или свое конкурентное объединение. Обычно это начинается с замечания, в котором нарушителю объясняется сделанное им нарушение конкурентного права и одновременно требуется дача объяснения о прекращении, в котором он внесудебным порядком обязуется прекратить свои противоправные действия и взять на себя все издержки, связанные с замечанием. Если объяснение не будет дано, то предъявитель претензии может добиться требования о пресечении судебным путем. Поэтому письменное замечание является осмысленным техническим доказательством для того, чтобы при судебном выяснении претензии по нарушению не нести судебных издержек, если обвиняемый ссылается на отсутствие повода к подаче жалобы. Принимается во внимание, кроме того, срок давности в 6 месяцев с момента знания о нарушении конкурентного права. Другая выгодная возможность – это звонок в арбитражную инстанцию по улаживанию конкурентных споров. Эти арбитражные инстанции организованы при промышленных и торговых палатах и имеют своей целью дать возможность сторонам договориться на негласном заседании под нейтральным сведущим руководством.

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